In May 2008, the AIDS and Rights Alliance for Southern Africa (ARASA) held a consultation meeting, supported by the Open Society Institute (OSI), to develop policy and programmatic recommendations to deal with cross-border management of TB between Lesotho and South Africa with a particular focus on migrant mineworkers. The public health and human rights problems posed by the poorly managed TB/HIV epidemic in the South African gold mining sector, coupled with the lack of referral systems for migrant mineworkers and a completely defunct compensation system, have gone recognised but unaddressed for decades. This meeting marked the start of a campaign for accountability and justice in this regard.